Collective memories, human rights and resistances

Summary: In Latin America, the concept of collective memory has been linked to reflection on the political violence of wars, armed confrontations and military dictatorships in recent decades. The confrontation of violence in the past has resulted in the development of memory policies, understood as both State policies and political actions of social organizations or political groups involved in the process of re-remembering the political conflicts experienced in their local contexts. We are going to focus on some emblematic cases in our region, such as Nicaragua, Colombia, Argentina and Chile.

We will see how, in current contexts, in different regions and countries of Latin America, the various practices of resistance to the current scenarios of exploration, expropriation, concentration of wealth and public and private violence, go back to a memory that recovers the different knowledges of political struggle, becoming an active memory. Not a global context, resistance tends to be local. We will do a review and analysis of resistance experiences in Mexico and the Andean interior of Peru, Argentina and Chile.

A critical analysis of the memory policies implemented in different Latin American countries leads us to argue that, with significant contributions made to understand the authoritative processes, dictatorships and political transitions in the region, as well as to confront and elaborate the consequences that these have in society and in people, it is a great challenge to understand. decode or establish links with the new sociopolitical realities that are developing in the region, as new developments in political violence and forms of resistance are articulated.

However, analyzing experiences of resistance in which memory is transformed into a political resource to act non-present will help us to rethink memory as an agent that contributes to transformation.

Coordination:  Isabel Piper (University of Chile)

Summary: The course addresses the relationship between gender and memory, emphasizing two ways of understanding this articulation: on the one hand, understanding collective memory constructed by gender subjects, and on the other, exploring different feminist approaches present in this field of study. From this perspective, we analyze the memories prepared by activists, guerrillas, victims and other social agents in relationships with their non-present and non-past gender positions; bem as the continuities and discontinuities of two fathers and gender dynamics that occur in significant events that they narrate.

Por meio dessas análises, pretende-se analisar exercícios de contramemória (ARFUCH, 2013; LUONGO, 2013) ou memórias subalternas que enfatizam temas e perspectivas pouco exploradas nas memórias hegemônicas: por exemplo, visualizar como os ordenamentos de gênero são desestabilizados ou preservados na construção dessas memórias, ou como se estruturam processos híbridos de afetividade, ação política e resistência ao relembrar determinados eventos e contextos. Isso se deve ao fato de compreendermos que os sujeitos das memórias são agentes multiposicionais que se articulam por meio de acontecimentos/espaços (ZALAQUET, 2011).

Finally, the course will analyze various studies of the collective memory of Ibero-American countries that precisely reflect a gender perspective in understanding two processes of construction of collective memory, in order to make visible the experiences – of victimization and/or political resistance – that are silenced by a memory masculinized and heterossexist hegemonic, or to install understandings of gender from the past through a critical reading of forms as different episodes são narrated from the present.

Summary: The objective of this curricular unit is to dialogue with the processes of collective memory and migration, in the interest of illuminating new contours that allow us to better understand the complexity of each one, in the context of globalization and advanced capitalism.

Nesse sentido, abordaremos as nuances particulares dos problemas considerados fundamentais pelos estudos da memória como os lugares e as comemorações; disputas entre memórias oficiais e memórias informais; museificação e patrimonialização. Também com o objetivo de examinar dinâmicas como as memórias sem lugar e o “não lugar” das migrações; a interpelação dos imaginários da exclusão e os limites do pertencimento; as iniciativas culturais como alternativas de gestão das tensões políticas, seu caráter conflituoso e também suas potencialidades.

In the same way, we are going to confront ourselves with problems that we do not study in contemporary migrations, such as diaspora and transnational spaces; The subjectivity of migrants and the impacts of mobility regimes in their future. It attempts to analyze the tension of national borders as the contours of collective memory and the potential of memories and countermemories in the configuration of resistance to subordination and articulations of differences (BRAIDOTTI, 2006), during the migratory trajectories.

Coordination: Belén Rojas (University of Utrecht, Netherlands)

Summary: The course reflects on the genealogy, transformation and analytical possibilities of the category of disappearance. Used for the cases of Argentina, Chile or Uruguay in the 70s, in Mexico or Colombia today, and we have forgotten it for a long time in the Spanish Civil War, in Nazi Germany in the 40s, in Cambodia in the Khmer Rouge in the 70s or in Bosnia in the war in the 90s. cases that are called disappearances and disappearances.

Coordination: Gabriel Gatti (University of the Basque Country, Spain)

Summary: This seminar seeks to reflect on the ways in which Latin American societies face political violence in the past, such as turmoil or internal armed conflicts that they have experienced throughout the 20th century and part of the 21st century, for example two memory processes undertaken by different social actors. Through this seminar we will address the public forms of memory that are built on past violence, critically analyzing the memory processes implemented in different countries in the region, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Uruguay, questioning the present of these societies, in particular about new violence and current conflicts.

Coordination: Ana Gugliemucci (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) and Loreto López (University of Chile)

Summary: This seminar seeks to reflect on the ways in which Latin American societies face political violence in the past, such as turmoil or internal armed conflicts that they have experienced throughout the 20th century and part of the 21st century, for example two memory processes undertaken by different social actors. Through this seminar we will address the public forms of memory that are built on past violence, critically analyzing the memory processes implemented in different countries in the region, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Uruguay, questioning the present of these societies, in particular about new violence and current conflicts.

Coordination: Ana María Barletta and Emmanuel Kahan (National University of La Plata, Argentina)

Summary: This course aims to address the memory of history and popular struggles in Latin American aesthetic production in its different forms: in visual arts, in popular music, in poetry, in literature, in cinema and in theater.

Coordination: Ana Rüsche (Flacso, Brazil)